GNU/Linux

To enable the connection to a host without password, launch from the machine from where you want to connect : ssh-copy-id [<login>@]<host>.

When installing Debian Jessie in a virtual machine, the numlock is disabled by default. To enable it by default, you should do the following :

• Install the numlockx package,
• add /usr/bin/numlockx on & to the end of file /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.

When compiling for IA-32 under a AMD64 enviroment (by passing the -m32 option to both compiler and linker), the compiler will complain about missing headers. To fix this, install g++-multilib package.

• uname -a,
• lsb_release -a (package lsb-release, with -, not _),
• cat …
  • /proc/version,
  • /etc/issue,
  • /etc/issue.net,
  • /etc/*release,
  • /etc/*version.

http://www.binarytides.com/linux-commands-hardware-info/

• lscpu,
• lshw -short,
• hwinfo --short,
• df -h,
• free,
• cat /proc/…
  • cpuinfo,
  • meminfo,
  • …
• …

• Temperature : with package lm-sensors sensors,
• frequencies : with package cpufrequtils cpufreq-info.

To give a user same rights as for root through sudo, add a file in /etc/sudoers.d/ with following content :

<user> ALL=(ALL) ALL

where <user> is the user's login.

visudo should be used to edit this file, but it's not needed. The content of the created file is immediately take in account by sudo.

To avoid this error when sudoing, following conditions must be met (from http://askubuntu.com/questions/59458/error-message-when-i-run-sudo-unable-to-resolve-host-none) :

• /etc/hostname must contain <hostname> (hostname <hostname> command works only until next reboot),
• there must be an entry in /etc/hosts/ where <hostname> points to 127.0.0.1.

What follows may only concern ARM architectures ; it was not tested on x86 architectures.

It seems that you have to install the ntfs-3g package before installing the usbmount package, or the NTFS devices will only be read-only.

• To automount USB devices, install usbmount package,
• In order to mount NTFS devices, add ntfs fuseblk to FILESYSTEMS in /etc/usbmount/usbmount.conf

The devices will be accessible under /media/usb….

The fdisk -l command will show if your USB device is recognized (recognized does not means mounted).

Trouble with NTFS devices auto-mounting : https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=774149.

• To set the correct time from a server (package ntpdate) : ntpdate <server>, with <server>, a NTP server (ntp.ubuntu.com for example),
• to display the hardware clock : hwclock,
• to synchronize the hardware clock with system clock : hwclock –systohc,
• to synchronize the system clock with hardware clock : hwclock –hctosys.

For each Wifi network, add following in the /etc/wap_supplicant/wpas_supplicant.conf

network={
	ssid="<ssid>"
	scan_ssid=1
	psk="<key>"
	key_mgmt=<mgmnt>
}

Replace the entry with correct values. <mgmnt> can be something like WPA-PSK or NONE (without double-quotes!). scan–ssid is for hidden network, but should also work for not hidden network. psk can be omitted when the network is open.

• Install wpasupplicant package,
• Launch wpa-passphrass <SSID> <key>, where <SSID> is the SSID of the WiFi network, and <key>, the corresponding key. You should obtain something like :

network={
        ssid="<SSID>"
        #psk="<key>"
        psk=3a19d8ecd12eff56bbebd67af8e4c14e1b4b5fb1a278f7e5c474ad252853a1d9
}

• in /etc/network/interfaces, insert :

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
    wpa-ssid <SSID>
    wpa-scan-ssid 1 # If the SSID id hidden.
    wpa-psk <psk>

where <SSID> is the SSID of the WiFi network, and <psk> the hexadecimal string right of the uncommented above psk= entry.

• launch ifup wlan0.

To change hostname :

• Until next reboot : hostname <name> (you must logout to see the change),
• permanently : modify file /etc/hostname.

How to correctly set the hostname to avoid some error messages (for example unable to resolve host … with sudo): https://askubuntu.com/questions/59458/

You may want to backup the entire www-data account (which contains the web pages) using scp or rsync, but you get a message like protocol version mismatch – is your shell clean?. This is because the the shell for this account is a restricted one (probably /usr/sbin/nologin, as you will see in /etc/passwd).

To fix this :

• install rssh package,
• modify /etc/passwd so the shell will be /usr/bin/rssh (bin, not sbin) for the desired account,
• modify /etc/rssh.conf accordingly.

To kill the a TCP connection without having to stop the corresponding program:

sudo ss -K dst <IP> [dport <port>]

An alternative to scp, which allows to resume an interrupted transfer:

rsync --append-verify [--progress] [-e ssh] <src> <dest>

• -e ssh should be the default, but may be useful to add some parameters to ssh (put ssh and its parameters between quotes then),
• --progress is to display the progress.

Can be used directly, or after an aborted scp.

• systemd,
• Odroid.