How to install the latest stable version, has some GNU/Linux distribution does feature an older one.
For (K)unbuntu (Debian), download the corresponding archive on the official web site, which contains several .deb package. The mandatory ones seem to be:
codeblocks_17.12-1_amd64.deb
,codeblocks-common_17.12-1_all.deb
,codeblocks-contrib_17.12-1_amd64.deb
codeblocks-contrib-common_17.12-1_all.deb
.